Marketing in Jessops Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

If winter comes can spring be far away Essay

The citation alluded to is the last line of shelley’s popular sonnet, â€Å"Ode toward the West Wind†. In the sonnet, the writer recognizes himself with West Wind, which, to him, is both the destroyer and the preserver. The artist has dead musings which he might want to be dissipated by the West Wind like dead leaves. Instead of these dead considerations, he needs new and new contemplations to be conceived in him. As from a smothered hearth, remains and starts are spread by the breeze so the writer needs his message of would like to be conveyed to the baffled humankind. As winter makes certain to be trailed by spring, similarly, dull and troubled long periods of life will undoubtedly be trailed by a time of bliss and euphoria. Winter is the image of devastation and desolateness while spring represents happiness and productivity. The citation accept critical application to the current situation. The man today is going through a time of hopeless reality. The times of dimness and disappointment establish the life of man. The present reality is falling into a powerless condition of weariness. The exhaustion, fret and fever of life have made man to derive, â€Å"where however to believe is to be loaded with sorrow†. We are disintegrating under the mounting tension of pessimism and self-disappointment. Today different components of life have made man horribly worn out on himself. Amidst scholarly, good and profound chapter 11, the powers of idealism however somber, have all the earmarks of being the main supporting power. We in our dissatisfaction are made to imagine that life isn't totally without delight and bliss. It isn't right on our part to lose confidence in a definitive decency of things. We should understand that over the span of life great and underhandedness days follow in progression. Each follows the different as night follows the day. For sure, it is human instinct to welcome delights and denounce distresses. In any case, we should bear sufferings with tolerance and backbone with the expectation that as spring follows winter, delight will follow distress. To have the option to be the dash of silver coating that edges the compromising billows of depression is the privilege of just a couple. The greater part of us just worry about the present and squint at future. Our vision is encircled by the challenges and issues which go up against us. The restrictions of the prompt handicapped person us. We wish yet dare not trust. We work however dare not anticipate. We are defenders in expectation and pessimist in our presentation. The light soul of expectation and satisfaction is deficient in us. It is fundamental that we develop the soul of cheerfulness. Idealism is the demeanor of life which must be shaped. An idealistic demeanor is the sound indication of life and battle. It makes us independent and award fixity of direction. It imbues another soul in our bashful hearts and infuses a vitalizing vitality in our veins. Rather than being insignificant manikins in the hands of possibility, blurred thoughts and shameful figments, it causes us people of unstoppable will to and, grand goals. It removes resignation and awards pertinacity of endeavors. It shows backbone, tolerance and perservance. It is properly stated, â€Å"Practice sires facility† in this manner, it is smarter to wear out than to rust out in inertia. Victor Hugo appropriately stated, â€Å"People don't need quality, they need will†.

New Nature-y Books To Read During April Showers

New Nature-y Books To Read During April Showers It is April now and spring has finally arrived where I live. Daffodils are starting to bloom, birds are laying eggs, the world is starting to look a little green again. Of course now we have to contend with spring rainstorms, and what better way to spend a rainy day than reading about all the plants that have finally returned after winter  and the birds that are chirping again? Here are some new(ish) books about the natural world that would be perfect for reading during April showers. The Cabaret of Plants: Forty Thousand Years of Plant Life and Human Imagination by Richard Mabey: This book looks at the history of our relationships with plants how plants have inspired us to create art, to worship, to write poetry, and the ways that we have used plants as symbols. Mabey blends botany with history, philosophy, and art and the book is full of interesting tidbits and  beautiful photos. The Genius of Birds by Jennifer Ackerman (out 4/12): Weve all heard the term bird brain being used pejoratively to describe someone who is, ahem, not so smart. This book turns the meaning of that phrase on its head by exploring all the ways in which birds are actually pretty darn smart. Genius, even. Birds have quite  large  brains compared to their size and weight and have densely packed neurons. Ackerman looks at the many types of bird intelligence from the ability of songbirds to learn to vocalize/imitate complex songs to pigeons who can find their way home from almost anywhere to crows who can solve difficult  puzzles. This book investigates all the amazing things that birds can do and will make you look at your backyard birds a little differently this spring. Rain: A Cultural and Natural History by Cythia Barnett: What better to read about on a rainy day than rain itself? This is a microhistory of rain and it is a delightful account of both the science behind rain and all the ways that humans have attempted to understand and control it  from rain dances and weather gods to trying to coax it out of the sky by shooting guns at clouds, we have really tried it all. Lab Girl by Hope Jahren (out 4/5): I picked this book up initially because  I saw that the New York Times said that it does for botany what Oliver Sackss essays did for neurology, sold. This book is a wonderful mix of science and memoir. Jahren writes beautifully about her life-long love of plants  and the journey she takes from being a young girl tinkering in her fathers lab to  becoming a professor of geobiology and running her own lab. She masterfully captured in this book both the excitement and the struggle of dedicating your life to scientific research and the passion and dedication it requires. Pandemic: Tracking Contagions, from Cholera to Ebola and Beyond by Sonia Shah: This is a fascinating, if terrifying, look at contagious diseases how they arise, how they spread, and the factors that lead us to panic over them or to underestimate them. Shah investigates how we can use the  history of pandemics to understand, prevent, and manage them in the future. Read this while it is raining because  you will feel much better about never being able to leave your house. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldts New World by Andrea Wulf: Naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt was without a doubt the most famous scientist of his era his work influenced the likes of Darwin, Goethe, Thomas Jefferson, Thoreau, and Simon Bolivar. He traveled the world collecting samples and measuring mountains, was received by kings, and championed a novel, revolutionary way of thinking about nature. So why has one has ever heard of him? This is a fascinating biography that follows Humboldt on his grand adventure to understand the natural world. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Dr. Harold Schlender Aging Experience And The First One

As individuals age, the capability to do daily activities declines to some point in every person. Older people have a tendency to have more illnesses and disabilities than younger people. There are various changes that go along with aging and they are more than just changes in health. Social influences an older person s risk and experience of illness. Physicians frequently conduct a social history to aid them and other associates of the health care team evaluate an individual care, needs and social support. Physicians use the social history to aid the older person and any caregivers to make plans that will enhance their well-being. Some of the questions that physicians ask ranges from family, finances, education, companionship, work history, history of suffering, losses, and coping strengths. After careful analysis of Mr. Harold Schlender there are several sociological issues that that have affected Mr. Schlender aging experience and the first one are the tragedies that he has faced due to past events in his life, which have greatly impacted him both negatively and positively. One such tragedy is the loss of his sister as she committed suicide at the tender age of 19 years old. This has affected him both sociologically and psychologically. The way in which this has affected him sociological is that there are times he becomes withdrawn from friend and family and choose not to communicate especially on her birthday and death anniversary. The death affected him deeply, because

The Importance Of Effective Interpersonal Communication...

Interpersonal communication is a fundamental skill that nurses use every day to interact and communicate. These skills include clinical empathy towards patients, diverse cultural understanding, non-verbal communication and skills used to communicate with deaf patients. This paper will discuss why it is important for nurses to use effective interpersonal communication skills and tips to overcome elderspeak to help minimize patient complains within the healthcare practice. To create a healthy nurse – patient relationship, it is important for nurses to have empathy towards patients, gratifying the patient’s basic needs to be understood. Empathy towards patients allows the nurse to obtain an understanding of the patient’s emotional status. Empathy allows the nurse to connect on a more personal level, it produces a better understanding of the patient’s feelings and experiences. In a clinical setting empathy plays an important role where nurses actively listen to their patients, observing verbal and non-verbal communication. To listen allows the nurse to fully understand the patients’ needs and also provides the patient with a relaxing, confident experience knowing the nurse has empathy towards their situation. With patients differing from one another, nurses will find some patients will be more difficult than others. A study performed on family physicians to determine effective ways of coping with difficult patients . The results of this study had a proposed model to helpShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace1116 Words   |  5 PagesINTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE Introduction Communication occurs in the day to day life situation Hynes, G. E. (2015). People pass messages from one individual to another through communication. This makes communication to be taken for granted. Communication may not be that easy as it is the assumption of most of the people, but it is important to understand that for communication to be effective proper communication skills need to be applied. Communication is simply defined as theRead MoreThe Importance Of Oral Communication Skills Among University Graduates From A Managerial Perspective995 Words   |  4 PagesThe gap between oral communication proficiency among university graduates and the workplace requirements of the same has received a contentious attention in the recent past. Due to industrial transformation and global competition, university students are increased being required to integrate their oral skills and their specialized knowledge for them to gain an edge in the job market and remain synchronized with the wor ld as well. Notably, oral communication has become a backbone of most businessesRead MoreA Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ A Reflective Report on Interpersonal Management Skills Module Code: 7BSP1010 Course: Interpersonal Management Skills 1 Tutor: Helen MacKinlay Student Name: XU ZHANGYONG Student Number: 13030219 Words: 1046 December 26th 2014 The purposes of this essay is to analyse the improtances of Interpersonal management skills for successful management, and to reflect on a verbal interpersonal cultural based difference people have personally experienced and how develop the cross cultural awarenessRead MoreNursing Theorist, Hildegard Peplau Knew That In Order To1533 Words   |  7 Pagesnurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationships with patients early in one’s nursing practice, I can provide the best care possible to meet psychosocial needs as well as treat the present illness. The benefits that creating interpersonal relationships can have on the patients’ health condition and their planned outcomes, is also a very interesting area of focus. In my opinion, many nursing students today do not understand the importance of Peplau’s theory. ManyRead MoreThe Significant Principles of Management Communications2466 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Research Paper: The Significant Principles of Management Communications Mia A. Rapier BUS 600: Management Communication with Technology Tools Instructor Cheryl Moore July 27, 2014 It’s been understood that â€Å"communication in business involves a complex set of unwritten rules governing speech, written correspondence and body language that varies in different parts of the world† (Ingram, 2014). Communication is the essential component of business, â€Å"from the entry-level manager to theRead MoreThe Theory Of A Nurse1497 Words   |  6 Pageshave as a nurse. Nursing is a very interpersonal career, and by forming trusting relationships with patients early in one’s nursing practice, I can provide the best care possible to meet psychosocial needs as well as treat the present illness. The benefits that creating interpersonal relationships can have on the patients’ health condition and their planned outcomes, is also a very interesting area of focus. Many nursing students today did not understand the importance of Peplau’s theory. They chooseRead MoreEffective Communication As A Health Care Professional1313 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is about more than just exchanging information. It s about understanding the emotion and intentions behind the information. Effective communication is how you convey a message so that it is received and understood by someone in exactly the way you intended (L. Robinson, J. Segal, Ph. D., M. Smith. 2015). This paper looks at the requirements of effective communication as a health care professional and the essential concepts to have as a registered nurse. Effective communication assistsRead MoreImportance of Interpersonal Communication Skills in Healthcare Professions1558 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Interpersonal Communication sills in Healthcare Professions Interpersonal communication is a fundamental element to any healthcare interaction. First, second and third person communication skills are primary aspects of an interaction, encompassing both verbal and non-verbal communication skills. It will be argued that rapport building and questioning are vital interpersonal skills in a healthcare context and possessing the ability to ensue a positive relationship between a healthcareRead MoreEssay on Strategies for Effective Managerial Communication1708 Words   |  7 PagesStrategies for Effective Managerial Communication Ensuring effective managerial communication is a daunting challenge. Each manager has to find their own â€Å"path† to capably communicate with their employees, employers, suppliers, business associates and clients. How is effective employee communication achieved? Effective employee communication is achieved by understanding yourself, the differences within your workforce and your company operating environment. It is based on successfully utilizingRead MoreEssay on Why Effective Communication Is Important for Nursing1620 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Effective Communication is Important for Nursing This essay is set to explore the importance of developing effective communication skills in nursing. It will give a short overview on what communication is and what it involves. Then it will explain the importance of effective communication in nursing. Furthermore, the essay will briefly present some challenges surrounding communication in nursing and suggestions on how they can be addressed before it concludes by summarising the needs for nursing

Cultural analysis of Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are required to Prepare a Market Cultural report on a Country of your choosing. Answer: Introduction: Culture of a country plays a major role in the market development and economic growth and stability of the nation. And hence cultural analysis of a particular country also has profound importance in understanding and evaluating the economic growth trends of the country. For this paper, the focus of market cultural analysis is on Australia, or commonwealth of Australia as popularly known. Commonwealth of Australia is a sovereign nation and it contains the mainland of the entire Australian continent, the Tasmanian islands and a variety of different smaller islands. Australia is considered to be the largest country in Oceania, however in global comparison, Australia comes sixth in terms of total area calculation. Before the British settlement over 50000 years ago, Australia had been predominantly inhabited by the indigenous communities that can be classified broadly into 250 different groups. However after the British settlement the periodic invasion of the Europeans led to inevitable c olonization procedure which eventually resulted in establishment of crown colonies in the country. With the onset of the 19th century the country had began federating the colonies so that a stable liberal democratic political framework can be facilitated; and the political system of the country in the present age compromises a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy which has six states and a variety of different territories (Fiske, 2010). The history of the country can be subdivided into different sections based on the monumental event of the colonization. The pre-colonial history of the country states that human inhabitation of the country began close to 65000 years ago by the means of migration. The lifestyle of these indigenous communities was mainly of hunter-gatherer style which continued until the British settlement 50000 years ago. One of the most remarkable events in the Australian history can be considered the arrivals of the Dutch in the Australian mainland in the year of 1606, post which the European migration inevitably propelled compartmentalization of the mainland, and the very first British settlement founded the city of Sydney in the year of 1788. The next British settlement in the year of 1803 had been established in the Van Diemens land which is now Tasmania, and with the establishment of Tasmania the colonization of the country began. During the colonial expansion the aboriginal communities went thr ough a consistent decline phase of almost 150 years due to the massive change in the lifestyle and societal privileges; which led to a variety of different infectious diseases in the communities. Although with the onset of the 19th century, as the political establishment of the democracy the federal settlement has contributed to a massive improvement in the society, however, it has to be mentioned that there are still a number of discrepancies in society for the backward native communities (Colquhoun Dockery, 2012). Australia has been considered to be the 13th largest economy die to the fact that the nation has an annual GDP that is considered to be to be the ninth highest per capita income. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that the country has the second highest human development index globally. Considering the economic growth of the country, the is also in the second number in terms of GDP, there are various sources of income for the country such as the mining related exports, telecommunications, banking and manufacturing sector, and many others. Although the poverty records of the nation had been reported to increase from 10.2% to 11.8% in the last few years. Australia had ranked fifth in the index of economic freedom, and hence the nation has become the 12th largest economy in the world in the matter of a decade with per capita GDP of US$56291. The commendable economic growth in the nation can be attributed to the emphasis on the export commodities in place for manufacturing goods whi ch had been a massive growth in the terms of trade for the country. Along with that it has to be mentioned that the nation had been the only country to not face a massive financial meltdown during the recession imposed by the global financial crisis. With the labour market partial deregulation system, privatization, and changes taxation system, the major cities of Australia are considered to be the most liveable cities when compared to the global context. The industrial and economic growth of the nation had been revolutionary and the country is also one of the most desirable expansion market worldwide and hence this country had been chosen for the cultural analysis for the paper (Hu, Chand Evans, 2013). Detailed cultural analysis for Australia: Australia can be considered to be a nation that has a tremendous cultural diversity and hence the country has enjoyed a rich amalgamation of various cultural norms and traditions for years. A primary western essence is the Australian culture however, which is predominantly facilitated by the European invasion and British settlement. Although it also has to be mentioned that the cultural background of the country has strong links and emphasis from the aboriginal or indigenous tradition. According to most of the literature, the cultural heritage of the nation is considered to be anglo-celtic, and there is conspicuous proof of the same in the English as their predominantly spoken language, a democratic political framework, parliamentarianism and constitutional monarchy, and lastly constitutionalist and federalist traditions. Considering the most predominating or prevalent regional inclination in the Australian society, Christianity is the most frequently observed religious connection, w ith the aboriginal traditional spirituality and religion as the only exception (Walton et al., 2014). Elaborating on the development of the diverse cultural background of the country it can be stated that the oldest cultural traditions originated in the indigenous communities, which has been still surviving in the aboriginal territories and the Torres Strait islands. The most interesting or peculiar cultural norm of the aboriginal culture can be their dreamtime, which refers to their spiritual connection to their ancestors and their own cultural heritage. Considering the dialect characteristics, the Australian English is the most spoken language with a unique emphasis of their native accent which makes it distinguishable from the other major variants like British or American English. According to the most of the literature, English is spoken predominantly among almost 80% of the population and along with that other languages that are spoken very rarely include Mandarin (1.7%), Italian (1.5%) and Arabic (1.4%). Although when discussing language, a significant part of the Australian culture, the indigenous communities and their language preferences has to be mentioned. It has to be mentioned that the aboriginal communities had more than 200 different language patterns among which most have been lost after the colonization period. According to the recent statistics, almost 70 original traditional languages of the indigenous communities are surviving among which 20 are still endangered to be obliterated completely in a few years, due to t he fact that the aboriginal language is only used by the 0.25% of the total Australian population. Considering the consumer behavior, there are a few unique characteristics that can be considered which has traditional or cultural links to it. The Australian indigenous culture has deep traditional values and responsibilities towards every aspect of life and their living standards are primarily influenced by the sense of responsibility, thankfulness and punctuality. And a profound impact of the same cultural values can be observed in the present cultural behaviors of the Australian citizen as well. Punctuality can be considered a highly significant factor in the lifestyle of the Australians which is uniquely reflected in their consumer behavior. Along with that, thankfulness and giving gifts is considered to be one of the most common norms in the society which is also uniquely reflected in their consumer behaviors and business practices as well. Formal respect to individual opinion and perception is another characteristic features of the cultural behavior of the Australian which the y have retained even in the age of cut-throat competition and consumerism (Dockery, 2010). The respecting individual ideas and preferences is the third unique feature which is reflected in their consumer behavior as well. Hence, the impact of traditional values and cultural heritage is paramount in the behaviors and lifestyles of Australia which makes Australian consumer market unique from the other markets as well. Business culture comparison between Australia and Singapore: Business culture in Australia is quite different from that of Singapore. Australians prefer straightforwardness when it comes to business. Therefore an individual who is keen to develop a professional relationship with an Australian firm does not need to develop long-standing relationship before he does business with them. They are very direct in the way they communicate. Australian professionals like to implement an element of humor which even involves self deprecating in their own speech. Australians consider appointments to be necessary but also believes that they are relatively easy to schedule (Cavusgil et al., 2013). They believe that these should be made with as much lead time as possible in the situation. Punctuality is very important for them and prefers Australians to reach a few minute before the starting of a meeting. Meetings are usually relaxed. If a individual feels otherwise to the suggestion in a meeting, they directly say mention that in direct communication. They p refer doing business providing a lot more importance on fact and figures and do not involve emotions and feelings as a part of business etiquettes. They do not prefer in extensive introductory sessions. They start meetings directly after a small talk. They are quite direct in their approach and expect the same in return (Ferraro Briody, 2017). They do not like brevity in decision making procedures. They also do not get impressed by too many details. Bargaining is not customary and their negotiations proceed quickly. They mainly expect the initial proposal to have a small margin for negotiation. High pressure techniques are not liked by them. Their decision making is rather slow as the decisions made by the subordinates are then passed onto the topmost seniors of the company for approval. Therefore decision making is rather slow. Business apparels are quite conservative in Melbourne and Sydney where men need to wear dark colored and conservative business suit whereas women wear smar t dress or business suit. However in Brisbane and similar other tropical places men may wear shirts and informal depending on their job functions. Exchange of business cards is not a ritual and a necessity. One may provide the card in initial introduction. However, no issues arise if this custom is not followed as well (Rabi et al., 2014). However, in Singapore, exchange of business cards is very important upon meetings and should be treated respectfully. They should be given and received with both hands. It needs to be placed on the table in accordance with the placement of the people with whom the meeting is held. Putting the business card in the back pocket or haphazardly stashing it into a folder shows a symbol of disrespect to the Singaporeans (Chan Tong, 2014). Punctuality is important just like the Australians. Although certain Singaporeans are happy with firmly shaking hands, some follow slight bowing of head which should be reciprocated back. This is not necessary in Australia (Chokkar, Broadbeck House, 2013). Like the Australians they also believe in direct discussions while handing certain issues or discussion about finance. Unlike the Australians who do not believe in establishing relationship at the very first instance of meeting, Singaporeans prefer personal relationships and networking. They believe th ese to be important elements for doing business in Singapore. Australians do not believe in top seniors taking the most decisions. They mainly allow subordinated deciding which then passes on to seniors for approval. In Singapore decisions are mainly taken by senior management and they follow a top down structure for decision making (Warner, 2014). However like Australians, they believe in small informal tasks before starting of the meetings which help both of them to establish a comfort level. Hence, it becomes very important for business professionals for both the countries to be acquainted with business etiquettes and cultures of each of them so that no cultural conflicts arise (Harrison, 2012). Hofstedes cultural dimension analysis: Power distance: The power distance can be defined as the characteristics that explore and defines the inequality in the various societal sectors on the basis of socio-economic determinants. In case of Australia, the analysis score for this element is 36 where as the score for the same in case of Singapore is 74. It can be stated n this context that for Australian society the hierarchy is based entirely on the convenience and along with that there is significant communication, respect and co-operation between the different sectors of the hierarchy. Whereas for Singapore, the societal inequalities are much more pronounces which can be a direct result of their Confucian background. It has to be mentioned that a Confucian background is predominantly based on the societal inequalities and hence societal power pattern imparts a profound effect on the gradient system in the society. Individualism vs collectivism: Singapore can be considered as a collective society with a score of 20, now a collective society refers to the fact that different individuals of the society think and behave in a responsible manner towards a connected group or community patterns; where each and every individuals are expected to care for one another. Whereas Australia with a largely westernized culture is an individualistic society with individualism score of 90. Here, the societal characteristics are not based on groups or community pattern, with loosely kint societies and nuclear families in the most part, the Australian only care for themselves and their immediate families. Uncertainty avoidance: This factor deals with the idea of how capable a society is with coping with any uncertain change or transition. This factor in this cultural dimension analysis hypothesizes that the future of a society can never be known or secure. The uncertainty avoidance score for Australia is 51 with a highly intermediate status in having the ability of uncertainty avoidance. Whereas, for Singapore the score is 8 which shows a relatively low uncertainty avoidance (Dandy Pe-Pua, 2010). Long term orientation: Long term orientation can be considered as the ability that a society shows in maintaining the links or connection with its past along with the challenges or adversities presented by the present and future. Singapore has a score of 72 in this dimension which shows that the cultural qualities in Singapore support different elements of long term investments with perseverance and sustained efforts. In case of Australia, the score is 21 which indicate at its normative culture incapable of much long term investments. Indulgence: According to this element, the indulgence states how capable the citizens are in controlling their impulses and desires and to what extent they indulge in it. The score for indulgence is 71 which state that the country or its citizen is indulgent at most with the citizens more inclined to acting as per their needs and desire in leisure times. For Singapore, the indulgence score is 46 which shoes that the country is intermediate in this element and a secure and valid judgment cannot be made on the indulgence of the Singaporean citizens (Wiewiora et al., 2013). Figure source: Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights., 2017 Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be stated that Australia is a rising country with an astounding economic growth and developmental practices. With the technological advances and formal and righteous business culture of this county, they are undoubtedly one of the most frequent choices for business expansion for any corporate industries. However, it has to be understood in this context that the cultural impact on the economic and societal characteristics has to be taken into account when discussing the cultural analysis of the nation. Therefore, in case of business expansion in the Australian market, the unique business culture of the country has to be taken into account. According to the Hofstede analysis the country has an individualistic nature with the least power distance. Hence with careful consideration of the unique business cultural factors the Australian market can continue to grow further and reach astounding success. References: Altman, J., Hinkson, M. (2010).Culture crisis: Anthropology and politics in Aboriginal Australia. University of New South Wales Press. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Chan, K. B., Tong, C. K. (2014). Singaporean Chinese doing business in China. InChinese Business(pp. 119-129). Springer Singapore. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Colquhoun, S., Dockery, A. M. (2012). The link between Indigenous culture and wellbeing: Qualitative evidence for Australian Aboriginal peoples. Country Comparison - Hofstede Insights. (2017).Hofstede Insights. Retrieved 22 November 2017, from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/australia,singapore/ Dandy, J., Pe-Pua, R. (2010). Attitudes to multiculturalism, immigration and cultural diversity: Comparison of dominant and non-dominant groups in three Australian states.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,34(1), 34-46. Dockery, A. M. (2010). Culture and wellbeing: The case of Indigenous Australians.Social Indicators Research,99(2), 315-332. Ferraro, G. P., Briody, E. K. (2017).The cultural dimension of global business. Taylor Francis. Fiske, J. (2010).Understanding popular culture. Routledge. Harrison, S. D. (2012). Singing, men and Australian culture. InPerspectives on males and singing(pp. 65-75). Springer Netherlands. Hu, C., Chand, P., Evans, E. (2013). The effect of national culture, acculturation, and education on accounting judgments: A comparative study of Australian and Chinese culture.Journal of international accounting research,12(2), 51-77. Lee, A., Manathunga, C., Kandlbinder, P. (2010). Shaping a culture: Oral histories of academic development in Australian universities.Higher Education Research Development,29(3), 307-318. Rabl, T., Jayasinghe, M., Gerhart, B., Khlmann, T. M. (2014). A meta-analysis of country differences in the high-performance work systembusiness performance relationship: The roles of national culture and managerial discretion.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(6), 1011. Tonkinson, R. (2011). Landscape, transformations, and immutability in an Aboriginal Australian culture. InCultural memories(pp. 329-345). Springer Netherlands. Tung, R. L., Verbeke, A. (2010). Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research. Walton, J., Priest, N., Kowal, E., White, F., Brickwood, K., Fox, B., Paradies, Y. (2014). Talking culture? Egalitarianism, color-blindness and racism in Australian elementary schools.Teaching and Teacher Education,39, 112-122. Warner, M. (2014).Culture and management in Asia. Routledge. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.

Motivation Concept

One of the most helpful definitions of motivation is the statement that says that people are motivated to perform an action that directly results in satisfying their personal needs (Certo Certo, 2011). In the context of an organization a corporate leader, manager, and team leader would do well if he can align the needs of the group with that of the individual.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore crucial to understand the basic needs of the worker and then communicate the goals and objectives of the organization in such a way that the employee and the employer is looking at the same thing and working towards one goal. This is easier said than done and if one would like to proceed in this course of action then one of the skills that has to be developed is the ability of the manager to communicate well and persuade people to make the organizationâ€⠄¢s needs as their own. There are two important things to consider. First of all is the skill of the leader or manager to determine the specific needs of the workers. In the case of Jack Cooper and his team he has to figure out how to find common ground between his need to implement an Internet strategy and the employers’ needs. It is not enough to simply talk about needs. The leader must communicate to them using specific terms. The ability to communicate with power is only possible if the speaker is able to develop a message that directly addresses the needs of the recipient of the message. It is therefore not unusual for Jack Cooper to spend a great deal of time motivating his workforce. If left on their own they would not find Internet strategy appealing. It is Maslow’s self-actualization needs that Jack Cooper must utilize to develop a message that would motivate his people (Pride, Hughes Kapoor, 2010). He had to convince them that they can increase their value i f they learn more about Internet strategy. Cooper must explain to them that before they came to this company they had very little knowledge about this strategy and must consider it a privilege to receive free training with regards to learning this cutting-edge concept. Nevertheless, it must be pointed out that Jack Cooper may succeed in motivating employees and yet create a detrimental effect for the whole organization. This can be understood if one will take a close look at the kind of investment needed to motivate people and change their mindset regarding a particular idea that they have very little knowledge or an idea that they are not interested to learn. By investing time and other resources Cooper may succeed but at the same time it can use up tremendous amounts of resources and at the same time it is possible that the organization may lose focus on the bigger picture and simply put all their energies in learning about Internet strategy when their primary goal is to sell phar maceutical products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion It can be said that motivation as a concept is easy to understand. However, the actual step of motivating another person is easier said than done. It requires both knowledge and skill. It requires knowledge about the target audience. It also requires the skill of an effective communicator. The leader must possess both in order to connect with the people working under him or her. This is important in order to rally a group of people that can perform difficult tasks and achieve goals. References Certo, S. T. Certo. (2011). Modern Management: Concepts and Skills. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Pride, W., R. Hughes, J. Kapoor. (2010). Business. OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. This essay on Motivation Concept was written and submitted by user Josie A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example

Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race in British media The OED defines a race’ as a major division of world, holding distinguishable physical features ; a group of people sharing the same civilization, history, linguistic communication, etc.’ ( 2002 ) . It is non clear that the construct of race’ can be aligned with that of ethnicity’ , which latter is taken as a strictly physical appellation. One’s ethnicity does non imply any cultural features: one can be an ethnically Arab Buddhist, Jew or atheist. As I understand the construct race’ it implies somewhat more than the baldly physical ; by and large the construct is considered besides to connote cultural features. This is a elusive differentiation and non an absolute one, for of class one might depict our atheist as either ethnically Arab, or from the Arab race. Still, in ordinary linguistic communication the construct race’ has somewhat thicker intensions than the construct of ethnicity’ . Just so, race’ is correspondent to gender’ in holding both a physical facet and a societal facet. And, like gender, the naturalness of racial differentiations has historically sanctioned different attitudes to persons from different races. Due merely to the coloring material of tegument they were born with, many 19Thursdaycentury Americans truly believed that they were superior to black people. The fact that race has an obvious [ 1 ] physical foundation explains the hardiness of beliefs that people from different races were besides different in other ways. This easy led to beliefs in high quality over other races, peculiarly races that were intellectually and technically less good developed. Hall ( 1990, p.9 ) puts this point therefore: since ( like gender ) race appears to be given by Nature, racism is one of the most profoundly naturalised of bing ideologies’ . This naturalization is natural, but it does non go on by thaumaturgy. Rather it is the consequence of the standardization of attitudes and be liefs actively held in society. It issues from the consequences of our efforts to understand ourselves and each other. The our’ in that last sentence is of import: this is an activity carried out by society, through the assorted channels that exist in society to administer information and thoughts. Therefore the media has a strongly cardinal function. Hall continues ( 1990, p.11 ) , the media construct for us a definition of what race is, what intending the imagination of race carries, and what the problem of race is understood to be’ . That is to state, they help to sort out the universe in footings of the classs of race . Of class all media mercantile establishments are cognizant of this duty. All take great attention to avoid being labeled racist’ . Even utmost rightist parties call themselves nationalist, non racist. As Miles and Brown note, the British National Party is non the British Racial Party, the GallicFront Nationalis non heFront Racial, and its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, denounced his former deputy, Bruno Megret, who had formed a rival nationalist’ party, as racist ( 2003, p.4 ) . The mainstream and telecasting media mercantile establishments pay scrupulous attending to their end product, guaranting that it accords with strictly classless criterions. They frequently set up in-house watchdogs to maintain a close oculus on this facet of their end product. But media does non run in a vacuity. There is a dialectic relationship between public sentiment and media sentiment. Apparently racist attitudes are now taboo in most states ; few people would comfortably mention to a black individual as a nigger’ , or claim that an Indian gentleman is unclean’ . Care is taken by every group in society to avoid behavior that could do offense to other races. But racist attitudes persist. It seems to be a affair of psychological fact that single and group individualities require to be constructed in contradistinction to others. For this ground, a reasonably natural administration of human existences finds them separated into smallish groups, provinces. These provinces are frequently coterminous with states ( though there are fewer provinces than states ) and states are frequently coterminous with races ( though there are fewer states than races ) . So when provinces are at war with each other, frequently each side thinks of itself instead otherwise from how it thinks about its resistance. Since the persons on each side have defined themselves in resistance to those on the other, they frequently believe themselves to bebetterthan their oppositions, which is to state that they look down on their oppositions. The ability to show felicity at resistance loss of life illustrates this exhaustively sinful attitude to the value of life on each side. National media frequently e xacerbate this perceptual experience of inequality. Phillip Knightly notes that during the Vietnam War, racism became a loyal virtuousness. All Vietnamese became dinks , slopes , slants , or gooks , and the merely good one was a dead 1. So the Americans killed them when it was clear that they were Vietcong, and they killed them when it was clear they were non Vietcong’ ( 1982, p.354 ) . Journalist James Cameron makes a similar point when discoursing his clip coverage on the struggle: I had been to Hanoi, and returned obsessed with the impression that I had no professional justification left if I did non at least attempt to do the point that North Viet Nam, despite all Washington statements to the contrary, was inhabited by human beings†¦and that to destruct their state and their lives with high explosives and crude oil jelly was no manner to bring around them of their defects†¦ This decision, when expressed in printed or telecasting news media, was by and large held to be, if non downright arch, so surely non-objectiv e, within the footings of mention of a newspaper adult male, on the evidences that it was proclaimed as a point of view†¦ To this of class there could be no reply whatsoever, except that objectiveness in some fortunes is both meaningless and impossible’ ( 1997, p.172 ) . This attack is by no agencies an American phenomenon ; precisely the same state of affairs arose in Britain in the early 1980s during the Falklands struggle. The Argies’ were cast as the enemy. TheTimessthundered that the invasion was an demonstrably evil act’ and declared that we’ were all Falklanders now’ ( Allan, 2004, p.160 ) . Newspapers across the political spectrum depicted the Argentine people in savage terms’ ( Ibid. p.160 ) . TheSunfamously published the headline GOTCHA! ’ , denoting the narrative of theGeneral Belgrano, an Argentine patrol car that was sunk with the loss of 1,200 lives. Resistance figures in countless other struggles have been ridicule d and demonized: mad dog’ Muhamar Gadaffi of Libya, evil, drug-running dictator’ General Manual Noriega of Panama, and the new Hitler’ , Saddam Hussein ( Ibid. p.160 ) . This expressed maneuver is combined with a less obvious lingual maneuver, the intent of which is to pull a crisp contrast between the civilized us’ and the barbaric them’ . By this crisp contrast the media exactly categorise the universe in footings of race’ . In making so, nevertheless, they are non exceeding the racism of public sentiment, but indulging it. Media does non be in a vacuity, and the content of the media can non moderately be expected to change significantly from the content of public sentiment. This is for two grounds. First, evaluations. An aloof, detached, moralistic media will be ignored and so will neglect in its function as sender of information and voice of public sentiment. It seems instead vulgar to state that theSunmight hold engaged in racialist mottos to sell transcripts, but it about surely has done. The media’s duty to cultivate benign societal norms merely extends so far. Furthermore, other forces militate against a more moralistic media function. Entman has argued that dumbing-down and sensationalism in the media is taking to a signifier of intelligence coverage that encourages ill will against certain racial groups. Local intelligence, in peculiar, paints a image of inkinesss as violent and endangering toward Whites, self-interested and demanding toward the organic structure politic – continually doing jobs for the observant, tax-paying majority’ ( 1997, p.29 ) . Entman argues that the media are making clime of fright between the dominan t in-group’ ( Whites ) and the out-group’ ( other races ) in society. African Americans, Air Combat Command to Les Payne ofNewsdaymagazine, are disproportionately included in negative coverage – as cocottes, drug traders, public assistance receivers, second-story work forces, unwed mothers’ ( cited in Dates and Pease 1997, p.79 ) . Second, journalists are people excessively. When non at their twenty-four hours occupation, their thoughts and feelings contribute every bit much as anyone else’s to public sentiment, and they are merely as susceptible to the thoughts of the twenty-four hours as others. Be it non so, the media would non be able to stand for the spectrum of public sentiment with efficiency and unity. Ideas go in both waies. This unfortunately means that the media can strengthen sinful societal norms every bit good as undermine them: Singh: what passes for intelligence has to be geared to demand, and unhappily the manner to gain prevarications in gratifying to baser human inherent aptitudes and biass. It is this that leads newspapers, for illustration, to transporting streamer headlines: Asian landlord evicts renter for eating beef’ while on an inside page there is a much smaller point describing an temblor in which more than 5,000 people have died’ ( Singh, 1998, p.74 ) . Hall sum s the point up good ( 1990, p.20 ) : what defines how the media map is the consequence of a set of complex, frequently contradictory, societal dealingss ; non the personal dispositions of its members’ . One obvious beginning of prejudice is the fact that the bulk of British journalists are white and male. In 1998 Ainley reported that newsmans from cultural minorities account for less than 1 % of British journalists. Even if all 99 % of these white journalists were fastidious in their efforts at racial nonpartisanship, it is rather impossible to believe that they could win, for their cognition and apprehension of the universe will needfully be some map of their cultural background. And in any instance, greater diverseness of staff will non needfully interpret in to more diverse signifiers of intelligence coverage. As de Uriarte argues, there is a prism of hegemony’ through which the impression of journalistic objectivity has long been white and remains so today’ ( 1997, p.144 ) . Again, the differentiation between the recognized us’ ( the Whites ) and those implicitly taken as other’ ( other races ) , goes on to inform societal norms. In order to analyze the effects of this racism in the British media more closely, it will assist to convey in Hall’s ( 1990 ) differentiation between overt’ racism and inferential’ racism. Overt’ racism refers to media coverage given to openly racist places and statements. The publications of the British Nationalist Party, for illustration, are overtly racist, for they preach a differentiation of importance between different races ( British and other’ ) . In a similar manner, newspapers such as theDaily Mailand theSunare frequently overtly racist. The former’s attitude towards immigrants is doubtless overtly racialist: their place is that non-British people desire to come to Britain to take occupations that belong to British people, to direct net incomes out of Britain, to overthrow the incorporate British civilization and, by and large, to increase offense, poorness and disease. We have already seen grounds of racism in theSun. But there is enough more. Allan ( 2004, p.146 ) analyses a shocking 1998 column which ridicules Islamic esthesias, mentioning to Muslims as pig headed’ bigots’ , impeaching them of daft’ racial and spiritual intolerance’ , and trying to impose their civilization in a Christian country’ ; the column exhorts the good British reader non to put up with this sort of nonsense’ . As these newspapers circulate and popularize openly racist thoughts, they legitimise them: racism becomes acceptable – and therefore, non long after, true – merely common sense: what everyone knows and is openly saying’ ( 1990, p.13 ) . The column squads from these administrations defend their attack on duplicate evidences that they are merely reflecting public sentiment, and have a right to freedom of address. I have already discussed the first ground, which I take to be true but unfortunate, and with respect to which one can merely press these administrations to take more duty and possibly a short-run loss of gross revenues. The 2nd ground is a good 1. But this pro tanto ground for printing racist stuff is outweighed by two farther grounds. First the publication of this material causes great offense and so harm to racial minorities ; this injury in itself may be a sufficient ground to curtail the freedom of address. Second, the publication of this stuff fortifies sinful societal norms, so undermining equality. Equality is a requirement of democracy on a par with freedom of address and its protection is a sufficient ground to curtail freedom of address. This consideration of societal norms leads to the 2nd facet of Hall’s differentiation. Inferential racism refers to those apparently naturalized representations of state of affairss where racialist premises or propositions are being inscribed in the media coverage as a set of undisputed premises. These representations enable racist statements to be formulated without of all time conveying into consciousness the racialist predicates on which the statements are grounded’ ( Hall, 1990, p.13 ) . The inexplicit premises of preponderantly white staff arguably facilitate the naturalization of racialist norms even more expeditiously than their open dictums. Images of white civilians disrupted by barbate Muslims every clip there is a terrorist menace are far more effectual at conveying a message about the difference between them’ and us’ than a intelligence article saying that bearded Muslims are unsafe terrorists, and we civilised inexperienced persons. This diffe rentiation underpins the different tactics discussed above: open racism is found in the expressed ridicule of resistance leaders and the enemy’ , illative racism is found in the less obvious inclination to discourse dealingss between different races as between us’ and them’ . Again the dialectic between public sentiment and media sentiment comes into drama here. As Hacker ( 1997, p.74 ) points out, all the major intelligence administrations have preponderantly white audiences, a bottom line’ which black employees are expected to understand and appreciate’ . News must be pitched to white readers, in ways Whites can square with their prepossessions and perceptions’ ( Hacker, 1997, p.72 ) . Furthermore, slightly ironically, the outstanding success of the run against open racism – the tabu against racism of any kind – has had the unfortunate consequence of driving racism, so to talk, undercover. It’s easier to cover racial narratives in the conventional superficial mode and maintain a palpebra on feelings. In newsrooms, race is normally discussed warily. Black newsmans, for illustration, are frequently loath to talk up for fright of being tagged complainers. Meanwhile, white newsmans bite their linguas for fright of b eing labeled racialists, the most scalding name in the intelligence concern today’ ( Gissler, 1997, p.110-111 ) . So while there have been major successes in the run against racism in British media, there remain some hard jobs. British media reflects British public sentiment, and British public sentiment is traditionally instead insular and petty. Racism in the British media will non be eradicated until the British public become better educated and informed about its topographic point in the universe and the profound similarities between individuals of all races. But the rhythm will non be barbarous if the media is prepared to accept a small more duty for both open and illative racial messages. Bibliography Ainlee, B. 1998.Black Journalists, White Media. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. Allan, S. 2004.News Culture.Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. Cameron, J. 1997.Journalism: a trade, in Bromley, M. A ; O’Malley, T. ( explosive detection systems )A Journalism Reader. London: Routledge. Cohen, P. A ; Gardner, C. ( explosive detection systems ) . 1982.It Ain’t Half Racist, Mum. London: Comedia Publishing Group. Dates, J.L. A ; Pease, E.C. 1997.Falsifying the World – Media’s Mangled Images of Race. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C.The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Entman, R.M. 1992.African Americans harmonizing to Television intelligence. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gandy, Jr, O.H. 1997.From Bad to Worse: The Media’s Framing of Race and Risk. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gissler, S. 1997.Newspapers’ quest for racial fairness. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gray, H. 1995.Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for Blackness’ .Minneapolis A ; London: University of Minnesota Press. Hacker, A. 1997Are the media truly white?In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Miles, R A ; Brown, M. 2003.Racism, 2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. London: Routledge. Singh, I. 1998.Minorities and the Media. Contemporary Issues in British Journalism. The 1998 Vauxhall Lectures, Cardiff: Centre for Journalism Studies, Cardiff University. de Uriarte, M.L. 1997.Exploring ( and detonating ) the U.S. media prism. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. 1

Definition of Gothic Literature

Definition of Gothic Literature In the most general terms,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gothic literature can be defined as writing that employs dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Often, a Gothic novel or story will revolve around a large, ancient house that conceals a terrible secret or that serves as the refuge of an especially frightening and threatening character. Despite the fairly common use of this bleak motif, Gothic writers have also used supernatural elements, touches of romance, well-known historical characters, and travel and adventure narratives to entertain their readers. The type is a subgenre of Romantic literature- thats Romantic the period, not romance novels with breathless lovers with wind-swept hair on their paperback covers- and much fiction today stems from it. Development of the Genre Gothic literature developed during the Romantic period in Britain; the first mention of Gothic, as pertaining to literature, was in the subtitle of Horace Walpoles 1765 story The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story which, the British Library says, was meant by the author as a subtle joke. When he used the word it meant something like ‘barbarous,’ as well as ‘deriving from the Middle Ages.’ In the book, its purported that the story was an ancient one, then recently discovered. But thats just part of the tale. The supernatural elements in the story, though, launched a whole new genre, which took off in Europe. Then Americas Edgar Allen Poe got a hold of it in the mid-1800s and succeeded like no one else. In Gothic literature, he found a place to explore psychological trauma, the evils of man, and mental illness. Any modern-day zombie story, detective story, or Stephen King novel owes a debt to Poe. There may have been successful Gothic writers before and after him, but no one perfected the genre quite like Poe. Major Gothic Writers A few of the most influential and popular 18th-century Gothic writers were Horace Walpole (The Castle of Otranto, 1765), Ann Radcliffe (Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794), Matthew Lewis  (The Monk,  1796), and Charles Brockden Brown (Wieland, 1798). The genre continued to command a large readership well into the 19th century, first as Romantic authors such as Sir Walter Scott (â€Å"The Tapestried Chamber, 1829) adopted Gothic conventions, then later as Victorian writers such as Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1886) and Bram Stoker (Dracula, 1897) incorporated Gothic motifs in their stories of horror and suspense. Elements of Gothic fiction are prevalent in several of the acknowledged classics of 19th-century literature, including Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818), Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables (1851), Charlotte Brontà «s Jane Eyre (1847), Victor Hugos The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831 in French), and many of the tales written by Edgar Allan Poe (â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue,† 1841; The Tell-Tale Heart, 1843). Similarities With Gothic Architecture   There are important, though not always consistent, connections between Gothic literature and Gothic architecture. Gothic structures, with their abundant carvings, crevices, and shadows, can conjure an aura of mystery and darkness and often served as appropriate settings in Gothic literature for the mood conjured up there. Gothic writers tended to cultivate those emotional effects in their works, and some of the authors even dabbled in architecture. Horace Walpole also designed a whimsical, castle-like Gothic residence called Strawberry Hill. Influence on Todays Fiction Today, Gothic literature has been replaced by ghost and horror stories, detective fiction, suspense and thriller novels, and other contemporary forms that emphasize mystery, shock, and sensation. While each of these types is (at least loosely) indebted to Gothic fiction, the Gothic genre was also appropriated and reworked by novelists and poets who, on the whole, cannot be strictly classified as Gothic writers. In the novel Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen affectionately showcased the misconceptions and immaturities that could be produced by misreading Gothic literature. In experimental narratives such The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner transplanted Gothic preoccupations- threatening mansions, family secrets, doomed romance- to the American South. And in his multigenerational chronicle One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez constructs a violent, dreamlike narrative around a family house that takes on a dark life of its own.

Executive Summary- Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Executive Summary- Wal-Mart - Essay Example Sam Walton’s key growth strategy for Wal-Mart was to open stores in isolated rural areas and small towns typically with populations of 5,000 to 25,000 that all the other major discount chains were ignoring and provide them with goods and services at competitive prices. This way Wal-Mart was able to tap into the market segment that previously had to drive up to four hours away to the cities to do their shopping. However, this preference for rural areas meant that Wal-Mart had to endure a more costly distribution channel than its competitors. To mitigate against this weakness, Sam Walton took the company public in 1972 to raise the capital required for Wal-Mart to build its own warehouses to serve its â€Å"boondocks† stores (Bradley & Ghemawat, 2002) and thus lower its cost of goods sold. In the 80s Wal-Mart finally came of age. It opened its now phenomenal Sam’s Club members-warehouse store in 1983, its first Supercenter in 1988, and by the end of that decade it had revenues in excess of US $26 billion from 1,402 Wal-Mart stores and 123 Sam’s Clubs. Company key facts Presently, Wal-Mart operates in three business segments: Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club in the United States, and Wal-Mart International in 14 countries and Puerto Rico. Its retail stores are organized under 53 different banners across the world. It has a workforce of 2.1 million associates worldwide who serve customers and members more than 200 million times per week. In the fiscal year 2010 the company achieved sales of US $405 billion. (â€Å"Walmartstores.com: About Us,† 2011). Products and services Wal-Mart U.S. is a one-stop shop. It has divided its business into six strategic merchandise units across its various store formats namely: grocery, entertainment, hardlines, apparel, health and wellness and home merchandise. Within these merchandise units there is an array of products and services to be found. In addition to that, Wal-Mart U.S. segment also offers financial services and products, markets lines of merchandise under its private-label store brands – such as Parent’s Choice, Great Value, No Boundaries, etc. – and also markets lines of merchandise under licensed brands such as Disney, Black & Decker, Just My Size etc. (â€Å"Wal Mart Stores Inc (WMT.N) Company Profile | Reuters.com,† 2011). Sam’s Club also offers its membership a collection of products and services online at www.samsclub.com. Company’s vision statement and purpose Wal-Mart has continued to embody within its corporate culture the vision of its founder, Sam Walton, who came up with the organization’s purpose: â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone†¦we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life.†(Farfan, n.d.). This belief has been engrained into the organization through unique sets of best practices that are carried out daily within Wal-Mart. For example managers are encouraged to be open and accessible to all employe es through the open door policy, questions from anyone – supplier, customer or employee – need to be answered on the same day (the sundown rule), and associates must make eye contact, greet and offer help to customers who come within a ten feet radius (the 10 foot rule). The open door policy makes Wal-Mart’s associates to feel appreciated and thus increases their commitment to better customer service. The sundown rule ensures that there is a quick turnaround of solutions to solve any

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy - Essay Example The seal's flippers are composed of living cells that needs constant blood oxygen supply. The dilemma is that the circulation of blood to the flippers will bring back ice-cold venous blood to the interior of the seals body. This dilemma is solved with the counter-current exchange system that is existent in these animals' flippers. Venae comitantes are veins that surround the limb arteries of the seals to prevent the return of cold venous blood to the body of the seal(Koeslag, 1995). Before the oxygenated blood enters the arteries of the flippers, the heat which is present that blood releases its heat through the venae comitantes to the cold venous blood. The oxygenated blood that enters the flipper arteries is cold as it circulates the flippers but when in enters the veins through the venae comitantes it is warmed near the body temperature (35C) utilizing the heat that it released before its entry in the flipper artery. Thus, the counter-current exchange mechanism of the seals' flippers prevent the alteration of the normal internal body temp of the animal which is 37C even though blood is continuously circulating to the flippers(Koeslag, 1995). Human beings also have a counter-current mechanism that is similar to that of the seals. ... The limbs of human beings are equipped with a counter-current system that maintains the normal temperature of the blood flows from the limbs during cold weather(Koeslag, 1995). Closely at the deep center of the limbs, the arteries of humans are strategically located. These arteries are also surrounded by venae comitantes or deep veins which receives the blood that circulated the limb arteries for transportation to the center of the cardiovascular system. The normal temperature of human blood is 37C so the oxygenated blood before entering the limb arteries transfers the heat to the venae comitantes making the oxygenated blood cold to about 20C. Then before entering the veins of the limbs the deoxygenate blood is warm to 37C in the venae comitantes. The temperature of the blood that is returned to the heart therefore remained unaltered that is still 37C. The process of blood circulation in the limbs in cold weather is slow to facilitate the function of the counter-current system(Koeslag, 1995). During warm weather that counter-current system of the human limbs is switched off because the circulation of blood to the limbs is increased compromising this system. The venae comitantes is not utilized instead the blood from the limb arteries return to through the subcutaneous veins. The blood circulating during hot weather is cooled with the facilitative dilation of the superficial veins and constriction of the venae comitantes(Koeslag, 1995). Question number 2: Camel or Camelus spp. are dessert animals that posses this taxonomic characteristic: Kindon Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class Mammalia, Order

The Evolution of the Internet :: essays research papers

The Evolution of the Internet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So you believe Al Gore created the Internet? Well that’s not possible, because I did. Yes, it’s true, a few years ago I was sitting in my basement with nothing to do and suddenly the idea came to me: why not create an inter-connected network of networks that will allow users to send mail instantly, download copyrighted songs, and order pizza, all from the comfort of their own living room? OK, so maybe I didn’t exactly invent the Internet, but neither did Al Gore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So who was the genius behind the information superhighway, you ask? Well let’s take a step back to the sixties, a decade when Cold War tension caused nationwide fear of nuclear warfare. Early in the decade, two groups of researchers, privately owned RAND Corporation (America’s leading nuclear war think-tank) and federal agency ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), grappled with a bizarre strategic mystery: in the event of nuclear war, how could political and military officials communicate successfully? It was obvious that a network, linking cities and military bases, would be necessary. But the advent of the atomic bomb made switches, wiring, and command posts for this network highly vulnerable. A â€Å"nuclear-safe† network would need to operate with missing links and without central authority. In 1964, RAND Corporation’s Paul Barran made public his solution to the problem. Essentially, the concept was simple. Barran’s network would be assumed to be unreliable at all times. Information would be broken into many small pieces called â€Å"packets† and then sent to various points, or nodes, in the network until they reached their destination. ARPA embraced Barran’s idea for three reasons. First, if nuclear bombs blew away large components of the network, data would still reach its destination. Second, it would be relatively secure from espionage, since spies tapping into parts of the network would be able to intercept only portions of transmissions. Lastly, it would be much more efficient because files and transmissions couldn’t clog portions of the network. Only five years after Barran proposed his version of a computer network, ARPANET went online. Named after its federal sponsor, ARPANET initially linked four high-speed supercomputers and was intended to allow scientists and researchers to share computing facilities by long-distance. By 1971, ARPANET had grown to fifteen nodes, and by 1972, thirty-seven. ARPA’s original standard for communication was known as â€Å"Network Control Protocol† or NCP. As time passed, however, NCP grew obsolete and was replaced by a new, higher-level standard known as TCP-IP, which is still in use today.

Society & the Mental Health of Women

The gender roles placed on women are far more harmful than they seem.   Women are expected to have communal traits whereas men are expected to be agentic.   Communal traits are things that maintain strong relationships like being nurturing or compassionate, and polite.   Men are generally expected to be assertive and competitive (White, pg 58).   When these gender roles are violated society tends to discriminate.   In the work place, when a woman is especially assertive she is often referred to as a bitch or masculine because others believe she is â€Å"not very feminine† but if a man were to do the same he would simply be seen as a go-getter (White, pg 59). This is a Western society norm, and it obviously puts women at a serious disadvantage professionally, because in order for her to achieve success as defined by society she must maintain relationships and not sacrifice them for advances in her career.   As a result, women hold lower positions, don’t get paid as much as men, and don’t get as many promotions.   This prejudice is the core cause to mental health problems for women, as well as an inherent trait of western society. At every level of education, it has been proven that women make less than men (Judith, 52).   Women are less likely to ask for raises because they don’t like to self-promote, and they also don’t want to create any animosity between her and her supervisor which would violate her role as a woman.   As a result of these professional setbacks women tend to be in lower economic classes.   Anyone with financial problems is at a higher risk for depression, but women have lower paying jobs, so they are more liable (Judith, 52).   Poverty definitely plays a big part in the development of depression, among other disorders.   Not having enough money to eat is severe stress and not having enough money to feed your children is twice as bad. One major problem in society that is mentally affecting our women is this culture of thinness.   There is an immense amount of pressure placed on women to be attractive and thin through the media and the stick-thin models regularly gracing magazine covers.   As a result, women are more likely to develop eating disorders.   Anorexia, an eating disorder that involves drastic fasting, and Bulimia, which consists of binge eating followed by any compensatory behavior, are virtually nonexistent in men (White, pg 62). Both of these disorders lead to serious health problems but anorexia ultimately leads to death by starvation.   It is thought that these disorders are caused by a perceived lack of control in their lives; which is balanced by these women having complete control over their looks.   Discrimination against unattractive or overweight women is an unspoken prejudice.   This epidemic of attaining physical perfection is actually an unnecessary and harmful setback for women. Women are more likely to seek therapy (Judith, 52).   There is an over-diagnosis of women and an under-diagnosis of men.   General discrimination towards women is that communal traits aren’t as valued as physical strength, which can lead to depression.   House work creates sense of never having leisure time, it provides no emotional reward and an isolation factor.   Emphasis on physical appearance, body image eating disorders, lack of control over appearance leads to depression.   Gender roles, since women are expected to be communal their relationships can lead to depression because there is more pressure on them to have good relationships, so when the relationships are unsuccessful, they tend to blame themselves. In the text book Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Gender, author Jacuelyn W. White discusses the cultural differences between men and women.   She argues that men and women live in entirely two separate worlds and likens the contrasting relationship between they have to that of a difference between two culture.   The requirements society places on this underlying female culture is the core cause of violence against women, such as rape sexual harassment and physical abuse (White, pg 58).   Western society designates women into an objectified position. They are seen as objects of sexual obsession, and a reward of male agentic interaction, but they are not seen as equal within male culture.   Oddly enough, within female culture, mainstream success is based on beauty, politeness and being conductors of societal interaction.   This is often the reason why the common saying is made that, if women ruled the world, war would no longer exist. In her book, Women’s Lives, Judeth Bridges analyzes dysfunctional female mental health.   She points out that girls and women account for 95 percent of cases of anorexia nervosa (Judith, 52).   One to four percent of all female adolescents and young adults suffer from the disorder (Judith, 52). Women are two to three times more likely to experience depression over their lifetime.   Women are also more likely to attempt suicide. Anorexia nervosa, and Bulimia are diseases, but they can both be seen as the direct result of personality disorders formed by women in reaction to societal confines.   The influences these societal confines have on the mental health of women is undeniable, but these societal prejudices are also being combated through contemporary film. The heroine in cinema has come a long way since the origin of film.   It can be argued that this is a directly relative to societal changes.   The performing arts have evolved from not allowing blacks, or women to perform, to having minorities in lead roles where they play everyman/woman characters.   From the villainously empowering days of the Femme fatale, to the current science fiction roles in which women save the world without any male assistance, the female in cinema is on the verge of equal empowerment. This is most true of those female celebrities who have established themselves as capable to play a broad range of roles.   Actresses like Angelina Jolie, Demi Moor and Sigourney Weaver play everything from action adventure heroines to pregnant mothers.   These women have contributed to the tradition of changing societal expectations of women through film.   One of the key films that plays on the cultural differences between men and women, while at the same time honestly depicts them is the film The Terminator, directed by James Cameron. The Terminator launched the career of, at the time, professional body builder and current governor Arnold Schwarzenegger; but more importantly, it is the quintessential science-fiction film. A young woman, by the name of Sarah Connor is hunted down by a cybernetic killer, who has traveled back in time from the year 2029.   In the future war between the Robots and humans, it is prophesied that Sarah Connor will give birth to the man who will save the human race. Thus, through her carrying out her motherly duty she becomes the hero of the film.   The twist on societal norms resides in the fact that Sarah Connor is also heralded as a great military hero in the future. These are ideals very common of the feminist empowerment movement.   Sarah maintains her social status as a female, while at the same time, she embodies all of the agentic qualities necessary to be a heroic soldier.   Though Connor is a soldier, she is also a woman who needs love, and by nature she feels the urge to love and mother a child.   In the beginning of the film, Sarah Connor is sensitive and weak. As the film progresses, her character becomes more confident and assertive.   The scene where Reese, her protector and love interest, teaches her how to make a pipe bomb from household products is an example of her learning the competitive tactics of men, and the point of her initial crossover into the role of the great soldier she is destined to become.   Connor in essence is presented as the last hope for the human race.   It is the triangular relationship between the Terminator, Connor and Reese that makes the most significant statement with regards to the contrast between male and female culture. Reese initially is sent back to protect Sarah Connor. Unbeknownst to either of them, he will eventually become the biological father of the baby he is sent to protect.   Reese is still a mortal, and continuously reminded of this fact when confronting the Terminator.   Sarah Connor is mortal, but she is also a great war hero fulfilling a prophecy. Sarah Connor’s character is empowered in this film and Reese is actually effeminized; by this, I mean that Reese is actually the weaker of the two. In the greatest measure of manliness against the ultimate destroying machine, Connor manages to surpass this benchmark; and in the end, she is the one who kills the Terminator. Whereas Reese, her supposed male protector, dies and fails where Sarah succeeds.   In the end, the only purpose he served was to produce offspring.   The man and the woman switch roles in this way, and an ironic yet empowering message is relayed to the audience.   Through film, the ideal that men and women are equal becomes more than just a neglected notion. In sum, societal expectations can be identified as the core cause to mental health problems in most women.   This can be seen in their inclination towards eating disorders, depression, and suicide attempts.   Though some of these ideals are being combated, women are still dying trying to fit into size zeros; they are forming social anxiety disorders that result in the increase of plastic surgery, excessively more expensive fashionable retail, and overall unrealistic expectations applied to women.   Advancements in mental health for women starts with adjustments to the prevalent ideals inherent in western society. Work Cited Belton, John. American Cinema/American Culture. New York: The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and New York Center for Visual History, 1994. Bridges, Judith, and Claire A. Etaugh. Women's Lives. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. 51-53. Russ, Joanna. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies ; Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer, 1979), p. 71. Sociology of motherhood.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Jan 2007, 11:29 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 23 Apr 2007 . White, Jacquelyn W. Taking Sides. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Dubuque: McGraw-Hills Company, 2007. 1-396.   

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